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Ferroalloys and other additives to liquid iron and steel
A ferroalloy is usually defined as a metallic material containing a large proportion of a useful metal intended to be added to a melt and the balance being iron; however, the implication of iron being the other main component may or may not be true in modern practice. In a number of materials com- monly regarded as ferroalloys, the proportion of iron is very low; calcium-sil- icon is a good example. Other additives vary from the definitely metallic pure chromium and manganese to the nonmetallic sulfur; most are obtained by a smelting process but some-titanium, for instance, are often used as sized pieces of scrap.
Since virtually all steel and iron specifications call for manganese (con- tents exceeding those obtained in the molten metal and needed mainly to counteract the detrimental effects of sulfur)-manganese, usually as ferro- manganese, is an additive without which the industry could not exist
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